What is Neutralisation Reaction Class 10

Neutralisaton reactions are part of our daily life. In this article, you will get the answer to what is neutralisation reaction. We will explain the definition, mechanism, and examples of neutralisation reactions.

Define Neutralization

A neutralization reaction is a specific type of double displacement reaction. This reaction occurs when an acid reacts with an equal amount of base to produce salt and water.

 Acid + Base →Salt +Water

`HCl + NaOH →NaCl + H_2O`

Hydrochloric acid reacts with an equal amount of sodium hydroxide to produce sodium chloride and water.

In the neutralization reaction, both acid and base lose their effect and get neutralized.

The neutralization reactions are also the type of redox reactions so we can understand them through the electron transfer method

Hydrochloric acid gets ionized in solution and forms hydrogen and chlorine ions

    HCl_(aq)  →   H⁺+  Cl^-

At the same time, sodium hydroxide( a strong base) gets ionized in the solution and forms sodium and hydroxyl ions.

NaOH_(aq)      →  Na⁺   + Cl^-

Now H(+) ion combines with OH(-) ions to form water

H⁺   + OH^-    →  H₂O

And,  Na^{+ combines} with Cl^- to form sodium chloride

Na⁺  + Cl^-   →    NaCl

So, the complete reaction can be represented as

`HCl + NaOH →NaCl + H_2O`

Types of Neutralization Reaction

Neutralization reactions can be classified into the following types on the basis of acid-base reaction

    1.  Strong acid and strong base neutralization

    2.  Strong acid and weak base neutralization

    3.  Weak acid and strong base neutralization

   We take an equal mole of acid and base

    1.  Strong acid and strong base neutralization: - Strong acid and strong base get completely ionized so all H⁺ and OH^- combine to form H2O and the P^H of the solution becomes 7.

           `HCl + NaOH →NaCl + H_2O`

  HCl is a strong acid and NaOH is a strong base

    

    2.  Strong acid and weak base neutralization: - Strong acid gets completely ionized but weak base does not get ionized completely. The quantity of H⁺ ions is more than that of OH^- ions, so after the neutralization reaction, H⁺ ions are present in the solution and the P^H of the solution becomes less than 7 which has an acidic effect.

     

     `HCl  + NH_4OH \rightarrow NH4Cl  + H_2O`

       

     HCl is a strong acid and NH₄OH is a weak base

    3.  Weak acid and strong base neutralization:- Weak acid does not get ionized completely but strong base is ionized completely. Quantity of OH^- ions is more than that of H⁺ ions. So after the neutralization reaction, OH^- ions remain in the solution and P^H becomes more than 7.

     `CH_3COOH  + NaOH \rightarrow   CH_3COONa   + H_2O`

    CH₃COOH  is a weak acid and  NaOH is a strong base.

        

    Examples of Neutralization Reaction

    Following are some examples of neutralization reaction

     1. `HNO_3 + Ca(OH)_2→Ca(NO_3)_2 + H_2O`

     2. `H_2SO_4 + NaOH →Na_2SO_4  + H_2O`

     3. `HNO_3  + KOH →KNO_3  + H_2O`

     4. `HCl + KOH →KCl  + H_2O`

     5. `H_2SO_4  + KOH →K_2SO_4 + H_2O`