Contribution of any 10 scientists in NCERT book of Class 10

In this article, we will discuss the contribution of 10 Scientists in the NCERT book of Class 10. Here you will find the answer to the question- Write the contribution of any 10 scientists in the NCERT book of Class 10. This piece of information will be very useful for you as a student of class 10.

Contribution of any 10 Scientists in NCERT book of Class 10

In this article, we will discuss only the contribution of 10 scientists given in the  NCERT book of class 10.

1. Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner

2. John Alexander Reina Newlands

3. Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev

4. Henery Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley

5. Gregor John Mendel

6.Charles Darwin

7.J.B.S. Halden

8.Michael Faraday

9.Hans Christian Orested

10.John Ambrose Fleming

Now we will discuss the contribution of these scientists with their introduction.

S.N.	Table of contents
1	Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner
2	John Alexander Reina Newlands
3	Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev
4	Henery Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley
5	Gregor John Mendel
6	Charles Darwin
7	J.B.S. Halden
8	Michael Faraday
9	Hans Christian Orested
10	John Ambrose Fleming

1. Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner

Birth – Dec.13,1780  

Death – March 24,1849

Country-  Germany

Introduction & Contribution 

·     Dobereiner was a chemist.

·     He studied as a pharmacist in Germany.

·     He also studied chemistry at Strasbourg.

·     He became a professor of chemistry and pharmacy at the University of Jena.

·     He made the first observation on platinum as a catalyst.

·     He tried to arrange the elements with similar properties into groups.

·     He made some groups with three elements. He called these groups ‘triads’.

·     He arranged three elements in the increasing order of atomic masses.

·     He found the atomic mass of the middle element was nearly the average of the atomic masses of the other two elements.

2. John Alexander Reina Newlands

Born – Nov. 26,1837

Died – July 29, 1898

Country -  London(England)

 

Introduction & Contribution

    

    ·     He was an English chemist.

    ·     He also worked on the properties of elements.

    ·     He arranged elements in the order of increasing atomic masses.

    ·     He started with Hydrogen (lowest atomic mass) and ended with Thorium.

    ·     In the table, he found that every 8^th element had properties similar to the 1^st.

    ·     He compared it with the octaves of music and he gave the ‘law of octaves.

 

 

3. Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev

 

Born – Feb. 8, 1834

Died – Feb 2, 1907

Country – Tobolsk, Western Siberia (Russia)

Introduction & Contribution

·     He examined the relationship between the atomic masses and the physical and chemical properties of elements.

·     63 elements were known when he started work.

·     He created a Periodic Table and arranged elements on the basis of increasing order of atomic masses.

·     He treated the formulae of the hydrides and oxides formed by elements as a ‘basic property

·     He propounded a periodic law – ‘The properties of elements are the periodic function of their atomic masses.’

·     His contribution was appreciated.

4. Henery Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley

Born -Nov. 23,1887

Died – Aug. 10 1915

Country - England

Introduction & Contribution

   

   ·     He was an English physicist.

   ·     His contribution to the chemical concept of atomic numbers lead to the Modern Periodic table.

   ·     He considered ‘atomic number’ as a fundamental property of an element.

    ·     He and his fellows arranged the elements on the basis of increasing order of atomic number.

    ·     Modern periodic table was prepared on the basis of atomic numbers.

   ·     Modern Periodic law- Properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic number.

5. Gregor John Mendel

Born- July 20,1822

Died – Jan 6, 1884

Country – Austria

Introduction & Contribution

   ·     He is known as ‘The father of genetics’ because of his contribution to the field of genetics.

   ·     He was a meteorologist, biologist, and mathematician.

   ·     He performed Cross-Pollination experiment (Hybridisation) on the Pea plant (Pisum sativum).

   ·     He found 34 contrasting characters in the garden pea plant.

   ·     He selected 7 characters out of 34 for his experiments.

   ·     He performed Monohybrid cross and dihybrid cross experiments.

   ·     He propounded ‘laws of inheritance.’

   ·     He expressed ‘Dominant traits’ and ‘ Recessive traits’

   ·     laws of inheritance were based on Monohybrid cross –(i) Law of dominance (ii) Law of segregation or purity of gametes

   ·     Laws of inheritance based on Dihybrid cross-  Law of independent assortment.

 

6. Charles Darwin

Born- Feb. 12, 1809

Died – April 19,1882

 Country – England

Introduction & Contribution

   ·     Charles Darwin was an English naturalist and known as the ‘ father of evolution’.

   ·     He collected observations on the relationship between present species of living beings and species that existed millions of years ago. Some of them have become extinct.

   ·     His theory of natural selection gave an explanation of the formation of new species.

   ·     In his theory of natural selection, he explained that various species originated from a single species as a process of adaptation to the changing environment.

   ·     He published his theory of evolution in a book named ‘Origin of species’. He told that all species of life have descended from common ancestors.

 

7. J.B.S. Halden

Born – Nov. 5, 1892

Died – Dec. 1, 1964

Country – Oxfordshire England

Introduction & Contribution

   ·     He was a British geneticist, psychologist, and biometrician.

   ·     He became a citizen of India.

   ·     He suggested that life must have developed from simple inorganic molecules present on the earth when it was formed.

   ·     He prescribed that the conditions on the earth were not the same as we see today.

   ·     He stated that complex organic molecules were from inorganic molecules and further the first primitive organisms would arise from chemical synthesis.

 8. Michael Faraday

Born – Sept. 22,1791

Died – Aug. 25, 1876

Country – Middlesex , England

Introduction & Contribution

   ·     He was an experimental physicist.

   ·     He made discoveries of electromagnetic induction and the laws of electrolysis, diamagnetism.

   ·     He invented electromagnetic rotatory devices which formed the foundation of electric motor.

   ·     Electromagnetic induction – The process by which a changing magnetic field in a conductor induces a current in another conductor is called electromagnetic induction.

9. Hans Christian Orested

 

Born – Aug. 14, 1777

Died- March 9,1851

Country – Denmark – Norway

Introduction & Contribution

   ·     He was a famous physicist.

   ·     He discovered that a compass needle get deflected when an electric current passed through a wire placed nearby.

   ·     He established the relation between electricity and magnetism on the observation.

   ·     His research became the basis of technologies like radio, television, and fiber optics.

 

10. John Ambrose Fleming

Born – Nov.28, 1849

Died – April 18,1945

Country – England

Introduction & Contribution

    ·     He was an English electrical engineer and physicist.

    ·     He invented the first thermionic valve or vacuum tube, radio transmitter.

    ·     He established –(i) Left-Hand Rule and (ii) Right-Hand Rule

   ·       Left Hand Rule- According to this rule, when thumb, forefinger, and middle finger of the left hand are stretched so that they are perpendicular to each other, the forefinger points in the direction of the magnetic field and the middle finger in the direction of current then the thumb will point in the direction of motion or the force acting on the conductor.

    ·Right Hand Rule – According to this rule, when the thumb, forefinger, and middle finger of the right hand are stretched so that they are perpendicular to each other if the forefinger indicates the direction of the magnetic field and the thumb shows the direction of motion of conductor then the middle finger will show he direction of induced current.  So this rule is used to find the direction of induced current.

 

So this is a brief article about the contribution of 10  Scientists in the NCERT book of Class 10.